Installation des pilotes NVIDIA et de CUDA sur Ubuntu Linux¶
Nous prenons officiellement en charge les cartes Nvidia uniquement sur les versions LTS d'Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04. Pour installer les pilotes sur d'autres distributions, veuillez vous référer aux instructions officielles des développeurs :
Information
Attention
Pour un fonctionnement correct des GPU de la série Tesla (par exemple, NVIDIA Tesla T4), assurez-vous que le paramètre 'above 4G decoding', 'large/64bit BARs' ou 'Above 4G MMIO BIOS assignment' est activé dans le BIOS du serveur.
Ouvrez la console du serveur (via la console native ou SSH), connectez-vous en tant que root, copiez le script ci-dessous, collez-le dans la ligne de commande et appuyez sur Enter pour installer automatiquement les pilotes et CUDA. Si vous avez besoin de docker ou docker compose pour le fonctionnement de votre logiciel, installez-les AVANT d'installer les pilotes afin que le script puisse "transmettre" la prise en charge du GPU aux conteneurs.
Remarque
Si vous utilisez un shell en ligne de commande autre que bash (par exemple, zsh ou un autre), passez à bash pour exécuter le script en exécutant exec bash.
Attention
Pendant l'installation, vous devrez peut-être appuyer sur Enter pour confirmer l'installation de nouveaux modules noyau ou les redémarrages de services.
Script d'installation¶
#!/bin/bash
#===============================================================================
# Universal NVIDIA Driver + CUDA Installer for Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04 LTS
# - Legacy GPUs: pinned to nvidia-driver-535
# - Blackwell GPUs: open kernel modules (nvidia-open)
# - Modern GPUs: latest proprietary driver via cuda-drivers meta-package
#===============================================================================
set -euo pipefail
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIGURATION FLAGS
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DO_OS_POLICY_CHECK=1 # Enforce policy: only Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04 LTS
ALLOWED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS=("22.04" "24.04" "26.04")
DO_APT_UPGRADE=1 # apt update/upgrade
DO_INSTALL_HWE=1 # Install linux-generic-hwe-22.04 on 22.04
DO_INSTALL_KERNEL_HEADERS=1 # Install linux-headers for current kernel
DO_INSTALL_BUILD_TOOLS=1 # Install GCC/G++
DO_PURGE_OLD_PACKAGES=1 # Best effort purge old NVIDIA/CUDA packages
DO_SETUP_CUDA_REPO=1 # Install CUDA apt repo via cuda-keyring
DO_INSTALL_CUDA_STACK=1 # Install CUDA toolkit (development environment)
# Legacy GPUs: pin to nvidia-driver-535 (last branch supporting Pascal/Volta)
# Format: "10de:PCI_ID|Human Readable Name|Driver Package"
LEGACY_GPUS=(
"10de:1b06|GeForce GTX 1080 Ti|nvidia-driver-535"
"10de:1db1|Tesla V100|nvidia-driver-535"
"10de:1b80|GeForce GTX 1070|nvidia-driver-535"
"10de:1c03|GeForce GTX 1060|nvidia-driver-535"
)
# Blackwell GPUs: require open kernel modules + driver 575+
# Format: "10de:PCI_ID|Human Readable Name"
BLACKWELL_GPUS=(
"10de:2b85|GeForce RTX 5090"
"10de:2b84|GeForce RTX 5080"
"10de:2b83|GeForce RTX 5070 Ti"
"10de:2b82|GeForce RTX 5070"
"10de:2bb4|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation"
"10de:2bb1|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q"
"10de:2c38|RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell"
"10de:2c37|RTX PRO 4000 Blackwell"
"10de:2c36|RTX PRO 3000 Blackwell"
"10de:2c35|RTX PRO 2000 Blackwell"
)
DO_BLACKLIST_NOUVEAU=1 # Create blacklist + update-initramfs (reboot needed)
DO_TRY_RMMOD_NOUVEAU=1 # Best effort rmmod nouveau (may fail if in use)
DO_USER_GROUPS=0 # Add user to video,render (optional)
DO_BASHRC_CUDA_PATHS=1 # Add CUDA PATH/LD_LIBRARY_PATH via ~/.bashrc (idempotent)
DO_VERIFY_NVIDIA_SMI=1 # Run nvidia-smi
DO_VERIFY_NVCC=1 # Run nvcc -V (only if nvcc exists)
DO_INSTALL_NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT=1 # Install NVIDIA Container Toolkit if docker exists
DO_CONFIGURE_DOCKER_RUNTIME=1 # Run nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker
DO_RESTART_DOCKER=1 # Restart docker service
# ---- Start ----
echo "Starting NVIDIA driver + CUDA installation (Non-Interactive)..."
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DEPENDENCY CHECK
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for cmd in lspci wget gpg curl sed awk uname; do
command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "Missing dependency: $cmd"; exit 1; }
done
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# OS DETECTION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
osr="/etc/os-release"
[[ -r "$osr" ]] || osr="/usr/lib/os-release"
[[ -r "$osr" ]] || { echo "Cannot read os-release file. Exiting."; exit 1; }
set -a
. "$osr"
set +a
[[ "${ID:-}" != "ubuntu" ]] && { echo "This script is intended for Ubuntu only. Exiting."; exit 1; }
UBUNTU_VERSION="${VERSION_ID:-}"
UBUNTU_CODENAME="${VERSION_CODENAME:-}"
if [[ -z "${UBUNTU_CODENAME}" ]]; then
case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
"22.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="jammy" ;;
"24.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="noble" ;;
"26.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="resolute" ;;
*) UBUNTU_CODENAME="unknown" ;;
esac
fi
[[ -z "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" ]] && { echo "Cannot detect Ubuntu VERSION_ID. Exiting."; exit 1; }
# Policy check
if [[ "${DO_OS_POLICY_CHECK:-0}" -eq 1 ]]; then
ok=0
for v in "${ALLOWED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS[@]}"; do
[[ "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" == "${v}" ]] && { ok=1; break; }
done
[[ "${ok}" -ne 1 ]] && { echo "Unsupported Ubuntu version: ${UBUNTU_VERSION}"; exit 1; }
fi
RELEASE_VERSION="$(echo "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\.\([0-9]\+\)/\1\2/')"
echo "OS: Ubuntu ${UBUNTU_VERSION} (${UBUNTU_CODENAME})"
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# GPU DETECTION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NVIDIA_GPU_LINES="$(lspci -nn | grep -iE 'vga|3d' | grep -i '10de:' || true)"
[[ -z "${NVIDIA_GPU_LINES}" ]] && { echo "No NVIDIA GPU detected (vendor 10de). Exiting."; exit 1; }
echo "NVIDIA GPUs detected:"
echo "${NVIDIA_GPU_LINES}"
DETECTED_GPUS="$(lspci -nn)"
REBOOT_REQUIRED=0
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SYSTEM PREPARATION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
export NEEDRESTART_MODE=a
if [[ "${DO_APT_UPGRADE}" -eq 1 ]]; then
echo "Updating system packages..."
sudo -E apt-get update
sudo -E apt-get upgrade -y \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"
fi
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_HWE}" -eq 1 ]]; then
case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
"22.04") HWE_PKG="linux-generic-hwe-22.04" ;;
"24.04") HWE_PKG="linux-generic-hwe-24.04" ;;
"26.04") HWE_PKG="" ;;
*) HWE_PKG="" ;;
esac
if [[ -n "${HWE_PKG}" ]]; then
echo "Installing HWE kernel: ${HWE_PKG}"
sudo -E apt-get install -y \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
"${HWE_PKG}"
REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
fi
fi
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_KERNEL_HEADERS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
CURRENT_KERNEL="$(uname -r)"
echo "Installing kernel headers for: ${CURRENT_KERNEL}"
sudo -E apt-get install -y \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
"linux-headers-${CURRENT_KERNEL}" || {
echo "Failed to install linux-headers. DKMS may fail."; exit 1; }
fi
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_BUILD_TOOLS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
"22.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-12" "g++-12") ;;
"24.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-13" "g++-13") ;;
"26.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-15" "g++-15") ;;
*) GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc" "g++") ;;
esac
echo "Installing build tools: ${GCC_PACKAGES[*]}"
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" "${GCC_PACKAGES[@]}"
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PURGE OLD PACKAGES
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_PURGE_OLD_PACKAGES}" -eq 1 ]]; then
echo "Purging previous NVIDIA/CUDA installations..."
sudo dpkg --configure -a || true
sudo -E apt-get purge -y "nvidia-*" "libnvidia-*" "cuda-*" "nvidia-driver-*" "*cudnn*" "*nsight*" 2>/dev/null || true
sudo -E apt-get remove --purge -y nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-prime nvidia-settings 2>/dev/null || true
sudo -E apt-get autoremove -y || true
sudo -E apt-get --fix-broken install -y || true
sudo -E apt-get clean -y || true
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SETUP CUDA REPOSITORY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_SETUP_CUDA_REPO}" -eq 1 ]]; then
echo "Setting up CUDA repo for ubuntu${RELEASE_VERSION}..."
wget -q "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu${RELEASE_VERSION}/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb"
sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb 2>/dev/null || true
rm -f cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
sudo -E apt-get update
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# BLACKLIST NOUVEAU
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_BLACKLIST_NOUVEAU}" -eq 1 ]]; then
BL_FILE="/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf"
if [[ ! -f "${BL_FILE}" ]] || ! grep -q "^blacklist nouveau" "${BL_FILE}" 2>/dev/null; then
echo "Blacklisting nouveau (requires reboot)..."
sudo tee "${BL_FILE}" >/dev/null <<'EOF'
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
EOF
sudo update-initramfs -u
REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
fi
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# INSTALL DRIVER + CUDA
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS_BLACKWELL=0
IS_LEGACY=0
# 1) Check Blackwell first (requires open modules)
for gpu_spec in "${BLACKWELL_GPUS[@]}"; do
IFS='|' read -r pci_id gpu_name <<< "$gpu_spec"
if echo "$DETECTED_GPUS" | grep -q "$pci_id"; then
echo "Detected Blackwell GPU: $gpu_name ($pci_id)"
echo "Installing open kernel modules + driver 575+..."
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
nvidia-open nvidia-driver-open nvidia-dkms-open
IS_BLACKWELL=1
break
fi
done
# 2) Check Legacy GPUs (pin to 535)
if [[ "$IS_BLACKWELL" -eq 0 ]]; then
for gpu_spec in "${LEGACY_GPUS[@]}"; do
IFS='|' read -r pci_id gpu_name driver_pkg <<< "$gpu_spec"
if echo "$DETECTED_GPUS" | grep -q "$pci_id"; then
echo "Detected legacy GPU: $gpu_name ($pci_id) -> pinning to $driver_pkg"
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
"$driver_pkg" "nvidia-dkms-${driver_pkg#nvidia-driver-}"
IS_LEGACY=1
break
fi
done
fi
# 3) Install CUDA toolkit + drivers
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_CUDA_STACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
if [[ "$IS_BLACKWELL" -eq 1 ]]; then
echo "Installing CUDA toolkit (Blackwell path)..."
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit
elif [[ "$IS_LEGACY" -eq 1 ]]; then
# 🔒 LEGACY FIX: V100/Pascal/Volta support CUDA <= 12.2 max
# Using versioned package to prevent auto-upgrade to CUDA 13.x
echo "Installing CUDA toolkit 12.2 (legacy path)..."
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit-12-2
else
# Modern GPUs: use cuda-drivers meta-package for latest proprietary driver
echo "Installing CUDA toolkit + latest proprietary driver via cuda-drivers..."
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit cuda-drivers
fi
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# POST-INSTALL STEPS
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_TRY_RMMOD_NOUVEAU}" -eq 1 ]]; then
sudo rmmod -f nouveau 2>/dev/null || true
fi
if [[ "${DO_USER_GROUPS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
TARGET_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
sudo usermod -aG video,render "${TARGET_USER}" || true
echo "User ${TARGET_USER} added to video/render groups."
REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
fi
if [[ "${DO_BASHRC_CUDA_PATHS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
TARGET_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
TARGET_HOME="$(getent passwd "${TARGET_USER}" | cut -d: -f6)"
TARGET_BASHRC="${TARGET_HOME}/.bashrc"
MARKER="NVIDIA CUDA Paths"
[[ -f "${TARGET_BASHRC}" ]] || sudo -u "${TARGET_USER}" touch "${TARGET_BASHRC}" || true
if ! grep -q "${MARKER}" "${TARGET_BASHRC}" 2>/dev/null; then
cat >> "${TARGET_BASHRC}" <<'EOF'
# NVIDIA CUDA Paths
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}"
EOF
echo "Added CUDA PATH to ${TARGET_BASHRC}"
fi
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERIFICATION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_VERIFY_NVIDIA_SMI}" -eq 1 ]]; then
echo "Verifying nvidia-smi..."
nvidia-smi || true
fi
if [[ "${DO_VERIFY_NVCC}" -eq 1 ]]; then
if command -v nvcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "Verifying nvcc..."
nvcc -V || true
else
echo "nvcc not found in PATH yet (re-login/reboot may be needed)"
fi
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NVIDIA CONTAINER TOOLKIT
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT}" -eq 1 ]]; then
if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "Docker detected: installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit..."
sudo -E apt-get update
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" curl gnupg2
sudo install -d -m 0755 /usr/share/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey \
| sudo gpg --dearmor --yes -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list \
| sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' \
| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list >/dev/null
sudo -E apt-get update
sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" nvidia-container-toolkit
if [[ "${DO_CONFIGURE_DOCKER_RUNTIME}" -eq 1 ]]; then
command -v nvidia-ctk >/dev/null 2>&1 && sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker || true
fi
if [[ "${DO_RESTART_DOCKER}" -eq 1 ]]; then
sudo systemctl restart docker || true
fi
else
echo "Docker not found. Skipping container toolkit."
fi
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo ""
echo "========================================"
echo "Installation finished"
echo "========================================"
if [[ "${REBOOT_REQUIRED}" -eq 1 ]]; then
echo ">> REBOOT REQUIRED: sudo reboot"
fi
echo "After reboot, verify with:"
echo " nvidia-smi"
echo " nvcc -V"
Attention
Après l'exécution du script, un redémarrage du serveur à l'aide de la commande sudo reboot est obligatoire. Cela est nécessaire pour activer les nouveaux modules noyau.
Après le redémarrage, vérifiez l'installation des pilotes et de CUDA à l'aide des commandes nvidia-smi et nvcc -V. Vous devriez voir une sortie similaire à la suivante :
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 595.71.05 Driver Version: 595.71.05 CUDA Version: 13.2 |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 On | 00000000:07:00.0 Off | Off |
| 31% 27C P8 7W / 450W | 33MiB / 24564MiB | 0% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=========================================================================================|
| No running processes found |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
et