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Instalación de controladores NVIDIA y CUDA en Ubuntu Linux

Oficialmente, solo admitimos tarjetas Nvidia en las versiones LTS de Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04. Para instalar controladores en otras distribuciones, consulte las instrucciones oficiales del desarrollador:

Información

Atención

Para el correcto funcionamiento de las GPU de la serie Tesla (por ejemplo, NVIDIA Tesla T4), asegúrese de que el parámetro 'above 4G decoding', 'large/64bit BARs' o 'Above 4G MMIO BIOS assignment' esté habilitado en la BIOS del servidor.

Abra la consola del servidor (a través de la consola nativa o SSH), inicie sesión como root, copie el script a continuación, péguelo en la línea de comandos y presione Enter para instalar automáticamente los controladores y CUDA. Si necesita docker o docker compose para que su software funcione, instálelo ANTES de instalar los controladores para que el script pueda "transmitir" el soporte de GPU a los contenedores.

Nota

Si está utilizando una shell de línea de comandos distinta de bash (por ejemplo, zsh u otra), cambie a bash para ejecutar el script ejecutando exec bash.

Atención

Durante la instalación, es posible que deba presionar Enter para confirmar la instalación de nuevos módulos del kernel o reinicios de servicios.

Script de instalación

#!/bin/bash
#===============================================================================
# Universal NVIDIA Driver + CUDA Installer for Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04 LTS
# - Legacy GPUs: pinned to nvidia-driver-535
# - Blackwell GPUs: open kernel modules (nvidia-open)
# - Modern GPUs: latest proprietary driver via cuda-drivers meta-package
#===============================================================================
set -euo pipefail

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIGURATION FLAGS
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DO_OS_POLICY_CHECK=1 # Enforce policy: only Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04 LTS
ALLOWED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS=("22.04" "24.04" "26.04")

DO_APT_UPGRADE=1 # apt update/upgrade
DO_INSTALL_HWE=1 # Install linux-generic-hwe-22.04 on 22.04
DO_INSTALL_KERNEL_HEADERS=1 # Install linux-headers for current kernel
DO_INSTALL_BUILD_TOOLS=1 # Install GCC/G++

DO_PURGE_OLD_PACKAGES=1  # Best effort purge old NVIDIA/CUDA packages
DO_SETUP_CUDA_REPO=1 # Install CUDA apt repo via cuda-keyring
DO_INSTALL_CUDA_STACK=1 # Install CUDA toolkit (development environment)

# Legacy GPUs: pin to nvidia-driver-535 (last branch supporting Pascal/Volta)
# Format: "10de:PCI_ID|Human Readable Name|Driver Package"
LEGACY_GPUS=(
  "10de:1b06|GeForce GTX 1080 Ti|nvidia-driver-535"
  "10de:1db1|Tesla V100|nvidia-driver-535"
  "10de:1b80|GeForce GTX 1070|nvidia-driver-535"
  "10de:1c03|GeForce GTX 1060|nvidia-driver-535"
)

# Blackwell GPUs: require open kernel modules + driver 575+
# Format: "10de:PCI_ID|Human Readable Name"
BLACKWELL_GPUS=(
  "10de:2b85|GeForce RTX 5090"
  "10de:2b84|GeForce RTX 5080"
  "10de:2b83|GeForce RTX 5070 Ti"
  "10de:2b82|GeForce RTX 5070"
  "10de:2bb4|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation"
  "10de:2bb1|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q"
  "10de:2c38|RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c37|RTX PRO 4000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c36|RTX PRO 3000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c35|RTX PRO 2000 Blackwell"
)

DO_BLACKLIST_NOUVEAU=1 # Create blacklist + update-initramfs (reboot needed)
DO_TRY_RMMOD_NOUVEAU=1  # Best effort rmmod nouveau (may fail if in use)
DO_USER_GROUPS=0 # Add user to video,render (optional)
DO_BASHRC_CUDA_PATHS=1 # Add CUDA PATH/LD_LIBRARY_PATH via ~/.bashrc (idempotent)
DO_VERIFY_NVIDIA_SMI=1 # Run nvidia-smi
DO_VERIFY_NVCC=1 # Run nvcc -V (only if nvcc exists)
DO_INSTALL_NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT=1  # Install NVIDIA Container Toolkit if docker exists
DO_CONFIGURE_DOCKER_RUNTIME=1 # Run nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker
DO_RESTART_DOCKER=1 # Restart docker service

# ---- Start ----
echo "Starting NVIDIA driver + CUDA installation (Non-Interactive)..."

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DEPENDENCY CHECK
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for cmd in lspci wget gpg curl sed awk uname; do
  command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "Missing dependency: $cmd"; exit 1; }
done

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# OS DETECTION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
osr="/etc/os-release"
[[ -r "$osr" ]] || osr="/usr/lib/os-release"
[[ -r "$osr" ]] || { echo "Cannot read os-release file. Exiting."; exit 1; }

set -a
. "$osr"
set +a

[[ "${ID:-}" != "ubuntu" ]] && { echo "This script is intended for Ubuntu only. Exiting."; exit 1; }

UBUNTU_VERSION="${VERSION_ID:-}"
UBUNTU_CODENAME="${VERSION_CODENAME:-}"

if [[ -z "${UBUNTU_CODENAME}" ]]; then
  case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
    "22.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="jammy" ;;
    "24.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="noble" ;;
    "26.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="resolute" ;;
    *) UBUNTU_CODENAME="unknown" ;;
  esac
fi

[[ -z "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" ]] && { echo "Cannot detect Ubuntu VERSION_ID. Exiting."; exit 1; }

# Policy check
if [[ "${DO_OS_POLICY_CHECK:-0}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  ok=0
  for v in "${ALLOWED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS[@]}"; do
    [[ "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" == "${v}" ]] && { ok=1; break; }
  done
  [[ "${ok}" -ne 1 ]] && { echo "Unsupported Ubuntu version: ${UBUNTU_VERSION}"; exit 1; }
fi

RELEASE_VERSION="$(echo "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\.\([0-9]\+\)/\1\2/')"
echo "OS: Ubuntu ${UBUNTU_VERSION} (${UBUNTU_CODENAME})"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# GPU DETECTION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NVIDIA_GPU_LINES="$(lspci -nn | grep -iE 'vga|3d' | grep -i '10de:' || true)"
[[ -z "${NVIDIA_GPU_LINES}" ]] && { echo "No NVIDIA GPU detected (vendor 10de). Exiting."; exit 1; }

echo "NVIDIA GPUs detected:"
echo "${NVIDIA_GPU_LINES}"

DETECTED_GPUS="$(lspci -nn)"
REBOOT_REQUIRED=0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SYSTEM PREPARATION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
export NEEDRESTART_MODE=a

if [[ "${DO_APT_UPGRADE}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Updating system packages..."
  sudo -E apt-get update
  sudo -E apt-get upgrade -y \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"
fi

if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_HWE}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
    "22.04") HWE_PKG="linux-generic-hwe-22.04" ;;
    "24.04") HWE_PKG="linux-generic-hwe-24.04" ;;
    "26.04") HWE_PKG="" ;;
    *) HWE_PKG="" ;;
  esac
  if [[ -n "${HWE_PKG}" ]]; then
    echo "Installing HWE kernel: ${HWE_PKG}"
    sudo -E apt-get install -y \
      -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
      -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
      "${HWE_PKG}"
    REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
  fi
fi

if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_KERNEL_HEADERS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  CURRENT_KERNEL="$(uname -r)"
  echo "Installing kernel headers for: ${CURRENT_KERNEL}"
  sudo -E apt-get install -y \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
    "linux-headers-${CURRENT_KERNEL}" || {
    echo "Failed to install linux-headers. DKMS may fail."; exit 1; }
fi

if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_BUILD_TOOLS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
    "22.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-12" "g++-12") ;;
    "24.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-13" "g++-13") ;;
    "26.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-15" "g++-15") ;;
    *) GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc" "g++") ;;
  esac
  echo "Installing build tools: ${GCC_PACKAGES[*]}"
  sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" "${GCC_PACKAGES[@]}"
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PURGE OLD PACKAGES
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_PURGE_OLD_PACKAGES}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Purging previous NVIDIA/CUDA installations..."
  sudo dpkg --configure -a || true
  sudo -E apt-get purge -y "nvidia-*" "libnvidia-*" "cuda-*" "nvidia-driver-*" "*cudnn*" "*nsight*" 2>/dev/null || true
  sudo -E apt-get remove --purge -y nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-prime nvidia-settings 2>/dev/null || true
  sudo -E apt-get autoremove -y || true
  sudo -E apt-get --fix-broken install -y || true
  sudo -E apt-get clean -y || true
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SETUP CUDA REPOSITORY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_SETUP_CUDA_REPO}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Setting up CUDA repo for ubuntu${RELEASE_VERSION}..."
  wget -q "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu${RELEASE_VERSION}/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb"
  sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb 2>/dev/null || true
  rm -f cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
  sudo -E apt-get update
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# BLACKLIST NOUVEAU
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_BLACKLIST_NOUVEAU}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  BL_FILE="/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf"
  if [[ ! -f "${BL_FILE}" ]] || ! grep -q "^blacklist nouveau" "${BL_FILE}" 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "Blacklisting nouveau (requires reboot)..."
    sudo tee "${BL_FILE}" >/dev/null <<'EOF'
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
EOF
    sudo update-initramfs -u
    REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# INSTALL DRIVER + CUDA
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS_BLACKWELL=0
IS_LEGACY=0

# 1) Check Blackwell first (requires open modules)
for gpu_spec in "${BLACKWELL_GPUS[@]}"; do
  IFS='|' read -r pci_id gpu_name <<< "$gpu_spec"
  if echo "$DETECTED_GPUS" | grep -q "$pci_id"; then
    echo "Detected Blackwell GPU: $gpu_name ($pci_id)"
    echo "Installing open kernel modules + driver 575+..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
      nvidia-open nvidia-driver-open nvidia-dkms-open
    IS_BLACKWELL=1
    break
  fi
done

# 2) Check Legacy GPUs (pin to 535)
if [[ "$IS_BLACKWELL" -eq 0 ]]; then
  for gpu_spec in "${LEGACY_GPUS[@]}"; do
    IFS='|' read -r pci_id gpu_name driver_pkg <<< "$gpu_spec"
    if echo "$DETECTED_GPUS" | grep -q "$pci_id"; then
      echo "Detected legacy GPU: $gpu_name ($pci_id) -> pinning to $driver_pkg"
      sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
        "$driver_pkg" "nvidia-dkms-${driver_pkg#nvidia-driver-}"
      IS_LEGACY=1
      break
    fi
  done
fi

# 3) Install CUDA toolkit + drivers
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_CUDA_STACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  if [[ "$IS_BLACKWELL" -eq 1 ]]; then
    echo "Installing CUDA toolkit (Blackwell path)..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit
  elif [[ "$IS_LEGACY" -eq 1 ]]; then
    # 🔒 LEGACY FIX: V100/Pascal/Volta support CUDA <= 12.2 max
    # Using versioned package to prevent auto-upgrade to CUDA 13.x
    echo "Installing CUDA toolkit 12.2 (legacy path)..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit-12-2
  else
    # Modern GPUs: use cuda-drivers meta-package for latest proprietary driver
    echo "Installing CUDA toolkit + latest proprietary driver via cuda-drivers..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit cuda-drivers
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# POST-INSTALL STEPS
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_TRY_RMMOD_NOUVEAU}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  sudo rmmod -f nouveau 2>/dev/null || true
fi

if [[ "${DO_USER_GROUPS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  TARGET_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
  sudo usermod -aG video,render "${TARGET_USER}" || true
  echo "User ${TARGET_USER} added to video/render groups."
  REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
fi

if [[ "${DO_BASHRC_CUDA_PATHS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  TARGET_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
  TARGET_HOME="$(getent passwd "${TARGET_USER}" | cut -d: -f6)"
  TARGET_BASHRC="${TARGET_HOME}/.bashrc"
  MARKER="NVIDIA CUDA Paths"

  [[ -f "${TARGET_BASHRC}" ]] || sudo -u "${TARGET_USER}" touch "${TARGET_BASHRC}" || true

  if ! grep -q "${MARKER}" "${TARGET_BASHRC}" 2>/dev/null; then
    cat >> "${TARGET_BASHRC}" <<'EOF'

# NVIDIA CUDA Paths
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}"
EOF
    echo "Added CUDA PATH to ${TARGET_BASHRC}"
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERIFICATION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_VERIFY_NVIDIA_SMI}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Verifying nvidia-smi..."
  nvidia-smi || true
fi

if [[ "${DO_VERIFY_NVCC}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  if command -v nvcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Verifying nvcc..."
    nvcc -V || true
  else
    echo "nvcc not found in PATH yet (re-login/reboot may be needed)"
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NVIDIA CONTAINER TOOLKIT
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Docker detected: installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit..."
    sudo -E apt-get update
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" curl gnupg2

    sudo install -d -m 0755 /usr/share/keyrings
    curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey \
          | sudo gpg --dearmor --yes -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg

    curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list \
      | sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' \
      | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list >/dev/null

    sudo -E apt-get update
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" nvidia-container-toolkit

    if [[ "${DO_CONFIGURE_DOCKER_RUNTIME}" -eq 1 ]]; then
      command -v nvidia-ctk >/dev/null 2>&1 && sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker || true
    fi

    if [[ "${DO_RESTART_DOCKER}" -eq 1 ]]; then
      sudo systemctl restart docker || true
    fi
  else
    echo "Docker not found. Skipping container toolkit."
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo ""
echo "========================================"
echo "Installation finished"
echo "========================================"

if [[ "${REBOOT_REQUIRED}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo ">> REBOOT REQUIRED: sudo reboot"
fi

echo "After reboot, verify with:"
echo "  nvidia-smi"
echo "  nvcc -V"

Atención

Después de ejecutar el script, es obligatorio reiniciar el servidor utilizando el comando sudo reboot. Esto es necesario para activar los nuevos módulos del kernel.

Después de reiniciar, verifique la instalación de los controladores y CUDA utilizando los comandos nvidia-smi y nvcc -V. Debería ver una salida similar a la siguiente:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 595.71.05              Driver Version: 595.71.05      CUDA Version: 13.2     |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090        On  |   00000000:07:00.0 Off |                  Off |
| 31%   27C    P8              7W /  450W |      33MiB /  24564MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI              PID   Type   Process name                        GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

y

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2026 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Thu_Mar_19_11:12:51_PM_PDT_2026
Cuda compilation tools, release 13.2, V13.2.78
Build cuda_13.2.r13.2/compiler.37668154_0
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