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Instalación de controladores NVIDIA GPU y CUDA en Ubuntu Linux

Soportamos oficialmente las tarjetas Nvidia únicamente en las versiones LTS de Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04. Para instalar controladores en otras distribuciones, consulte las instrucciones oficiales para desarrolladores:

Información

Atención

Para el funcionamiento correcto de las GPUs de la serie Tesla (p. ej., NVIDIA Tesla T4), asegúrese de que los parámetros 'above 4G decoding', 'large/64bit BARs' o 'Above 4G MMIO BIOS assignment' estén habilitados en la BIOS del servidor.

Abra la consola del servidor (vía consola nativa o SSH), inicie sesión como root, copie el siguiente script, péguelo en la línea de comandos y presione Enter para instalar automáticamente los controladores y CUDA. Si necesita docker o docker compose para que su software funcione, instálelos ANTES de instalar los controladores para que el script pueda realizar el "passthrough" del soporte de GPU a los contenedores.

Nota

Si está utilizando un shell de línea de comandos que no sea bash (p. ej., zsh u otro), cambie a bash para ejecutar el script ejecutando exec bash.

Atención

Durante la instalación, es posible que deba presionar Enter para confirmar la instalación de nuevos módulos del kernel o el reinicio de servicios.

Script de instalación

#!/bin/bash
#===============================================================================
# Universal NVIDIA Driver + CUDA Installer for Ubuntu 22.04/24.04/26.04 LTS
# - Legacy GPUs (CC < 7.5): pinned driver + CUDA 12.9 (last branch supporting Pascal/Volta)
# - Blackwell GPUs: open kernel modules + latest CUDA
# - All other GPUs (incl. RTX A5000, CC 8.6): proprietary driver 580 + latest CUDA
# - cuda-drivers meta-package is NEVER installed (avoids pulling open modules)
#===============================================================================
set -euo pipefail

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIGURATION FLAGS
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DO_OS_POLICY_CHECK=1
ALLOWED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS=("22.04" "24.04" "26.04")

DO_APT_UPGRADE=1
DO_INSTALL_HWE=1
DO_INSTALL_KERNEL_HEADERS=1
DO_INSTALL_BUILD_TOOLS=1

DO_PURGE_OLD_PACKAGES=1
DO_SETUP_CUDA_REPO=1
DO_INSTALL_CUDA_STACK=1

# Legacy GPUs: pinned driver per card (CC < 7.5, CUDA 12.x only)
LEGACY_GPUS=(
  "10de:1b06|GeForce GTX 1080 Ti|nvidia-driver-535"
  "10de:1db1|Tesla V100|nvidia-driver-535"
  "10de:1b80|GeForce GTX 1070|nvidia-driver-535"
  "10de:1c03|GeForce GTX 1060|nvidia-driver-535"
)

# Blackwell GPUs: require open kernel modules
BLACKWELL_GPUS=(
  "10de:2b85|GeForce RTX 5090"
  "10de:2b87|GeForce RTX 5090 D"
  "10de:2b84|GeForce RTX 5080"
  "10de:2b83|GeForce RTX 5070 Ti"
  "10de:2b82|GeForce RTX 5070"
  "10de:2f80|GeForce RTX 5070 Laptop GPU"
  "10de:2bb5|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Server Edition"
  "10de:2bb4|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Workstation Edition"
  "10de:2bb1|RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q"
  "10de:2bb3|RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c31|RTX PRO 4500 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c37|RTX PRO 4000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c36|RTX PRO 3000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2d30|RTX PRO 2000 Blackwell"
  "10de:2c35|RTX PRO 2000 Blackwell (Alternative)"
  "10de:2c3a|RTX PRO 4500 Blackwell Server Edition"
  "10de:2c77|RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell Embedded GPU"
  "10de:2c38|RTX PRO 5000 Blackwell Generation Laptop GPU"
  "10de:2f38|RTX PRO 3000 Blackwell Generation Laptop GPU"
  "10de:2db8|RTX PRO 1000 Blackwell Generation Laptop GPU"
)

DO_BLACKLIST_NOUVEAU=1
DO_TRY_RMMOD_NOUVEAU=1
DO_USER_GROUPS=0
DO_BASHRC_CUDA_PATHS=1
DO_VERIFY_NVIDIA_SMI=1
DO_VERIFY_NVCC=1
DO_INSTALL_NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT=1
DO_CONFIGURE_DOCKER_RUNTIME=1
DO_RESTART_DOCKER=1

# ---- Start ----
echo "Starting NVIDIA driver + CUDA installation (Non-Interactive)..."

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DEPENDENCY CHECK
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for cmd in lspci wget gpg curl sed awk uname; do
  command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "Missing dependency: $cmd"; exit 1; }
done

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# OS DETECTION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
osr="/etc/os-release"
[[ -r "$osr" ]] || osr="/usr/lib/os-release"
[[ -r "$osr" ]] || { echo "Cannot read os-release file. Exiting."; exit 1; }

set -a
. "$osr"
set +a

[[ "${ID:-}" != "ubuntu" ]] && { echo "This script is intended for Ubuntu only. Exiting."; exit 1; }

UBUNTU_VERSION="${VERSION_ID:-}"
UBUNTU_CODENAME="${VERSION_CODENAME:-}"

if [[ -z "${UBUNTU_CODENAME}" ]]; then
  case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
    "22.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="jammy" ;;
    "24.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="noble" ;;
    "26.04") UBUNTU_CODENAME="resolute" ;;
    *) UBUNTU_CODENAME="unknown" ;;
  esac
fi

[[ -z "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" ]] && { echo "Cannot detect Ubuntu VERSION_ID. Exiting."; exit 1; }

if [[ "${DO_OS_POLICY_CHECK:-0}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  ok=0
  for v in "${ALLOWED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS[@]}"; do
    [[ "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" == "${v}" ]] && { ok=1; break; }
  done
  [[ "${ok}" -ne 1 ]] && { echo "Unsupported Ubuntu version: ${UBUNTU_VERSION}"; exit 1; }
fi

RELEASE_VERSION="$(echo "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\.\([0-9]\+\)/\1\2/')"
echo "OS: Ubuntu ${UBUNTU_VERSION} (${UBUNTU_CODENAME})"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# GPU DETECTION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NVIDIA_GPU_LINES="$(lspci -nn | grep -iE 'vga|3d' | grep -i '10de:' || true)"
[[ -z "${NVIDIA_GPU_LINES}" ]] && { echo "No NVIDIA GPU detected (vendor 10de). Exiting."; exit 1; }

echo "NVIDIA GPUs detected:"
echo "${NVIDIA_GPU_LINES}"

DETECTED_GPUS="$(lspci -nn)"
REBOOT_REQUIRED=0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SYSTEM PREPARATION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
export NEEDRESTART_MODE=a

if [[ "${DO_APT_UPGRADE}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Updating system packages..."
  sudo -E apt-get update
  sudo -E apt-get upgrade -y \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"
fi

if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_HWE}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
    "22.04") HWE_PKG="linux-generic-hwe-22.04" ;;
    "24.04") HWE_PKG="linux-generic-hwe-24.04" ;;
    "26.04") HWE_PKG="" ;;
    *) HWE_PKG="" ;;
  esac
  if [[ -n "${HWE_PKG}" ]]; then
    echo "Installing HWE kernel: ${HWE_PKG}"
    sudo -E apt-get install -y \
      -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
      -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
      "${HWE_PKG}"
    REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
  fi
fi

if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_KERNEL_HEADERS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  CURRENT_KERNEL="$(uname -r)"
  echo "Installing kernel headers for: ${CURRENT_KERNEL}"
  sudo -E apt-get install -y \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
    -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
    "linux-headers-${CURRENT_KERNEL}" || {
    echo "Failed to install linux-headers. DKMS may fail."; exit 1; }
fi

if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_BUILD_TOOLS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  case "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" in
    "22.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-12" "g++-12") ;;
    "24.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-13" "g++-13") ;;
    "26.04") GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc-15" "g++-15") ;;
    *) GCC_PACKAGES=("gcc" "g++") ;;
  esac
  echo "Installing build tools: ${GCC_PACKAGES[*]}"
  sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" "${GCC_PACKAGES[@]}"
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PURGE OLD PACKAGES
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_PURGE_OLD_PACKAGES}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Purging previous NVIDIA/CUDA installations..."
  sudo dpkg --configure -a || true
  sudo -E apt-get purge -y "nvidia-*" "libnvidia-*" "cuda-*" "nvidia-driver-*" "*cudnn*" "*nsight*" 2>/dev/null || true
  sudo -E apt-get remove --purge -y nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-prime nvidia-settings 2>/dev/null || true
  sudo -E apt-get autoremove -y || true
  sudo -E apt-get --fix-broken install -y || true
  sudo -E apt-get clean -y || true
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SETUP CUDA REPOSITORY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_SETUP_CUDA_REPO}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Setting up CUDA repo for ubuntu${RELEASE_VERSION}..."
  wget -q "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu${RELEASE_VERSION}/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb"
  sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb 2>/dev/null || true
  rm -f cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
  sudo -E apt-get update
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# BLACKLIST NOUVEAU
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_BLACKLIST_NOUVEAU}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  BL_FILE="/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf"
  if [[ ! -f "${BL_FILE}" ]] || ! grep -q "^blacklist nouveau" "${BL_FILE}" 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "Blacklisting nouveau (requires reboot)..."
    sudo tee "${BL_FILE}" >/dev/null <<'EOF'
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
EOF
    sudo update-initramfs -u
    REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# INSTALL DRIVER
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS_BLACKWELL=0
IS_LEGACY=0
IS_PROPRIETARY=0

# 1) Blackwell: open modules
for gpu_spec in "${BLACKWELL_GPUS[@]}"; do
  IFS='|' read -r pci_id gpu_name <<< "$gpu_spec"
  if echo "$DETECTED_GPUS" | grep -q "$pci_id"; then
    echo "Detected Blackwell GPU: $gpu_name ($pci_id)"
    echo "Installing open kernel modules..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
      nvidia-open nvidia-driver-open nvidia-dkms-open
    IS_BLACKWELL=1
    break
  fi
done

# 2) Legacy GPUs: pinned driver
if [[ "$IS_BLACKWELL" -eq 0 ]]; then
  for gpu_spec in "${LEGACY_GPUS[@]}"; do
    IFS='|' read -r pci_id gpu_name driver_pkg <<< "$gpu_spec"
    if echo "$DETECTED_GPUS" | grep -q "$pci_id"; then
      echo "Detected legacy GPU: $gpu_name ($pci_id) -> $driver_pkg"
      sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
        "$driver_pkg" "nvidia-dkms-${driver_pkg#nvidia-driver-}"
      IS_LEGACY=1
      break
    fi
  done
fi

# 3) Everything else: PROPRIETARY driver 580 (RTX A5000 falls here)
if [[ "$IS_BLACKWELL" -eq 0 && "$IS_LEGACY" -eq 0 ]]; then
  echo "Detected non-Blackwell, non-legacy GPU (e.g., RTX A5000)."
  echo "Installing proprietary driver 580..."
  sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
    nvidia-driver-580 nvidia-dkms-580
  IS_PROPRIETARY=1
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# INSTALL CUDA TOOLKIT
# - Legacy (CC < 7.5): CUDA 12.9 (last branch supporting Pascal/Volta)
# - Blackwell / Proprietary (CC >= 7.5): latest cuda-toolkit meta-package
# - cuda-drivers is NEVER installed
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_CUDA_STACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  if [[ "$IS_LEGACY" -eq 1 ]]; then
    echo "Installing CUDA Toolkit 12.9 (legacy path, last branch supporting Pascal/Volta)..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit-12-9
  else
    echo "Installing latest available CUDA Toolkit (Blackwell/proprietary path)..."
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" cuda-toolkit
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# POST-INSTALL STEPS
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_TRY_RMMOD_NOUVEAU}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  sudo rmmod -f nouveau 2>/dev/null || true
fi

if [[ "${DO_USER_GROUPS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  TARGET_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
  sudo usermod -aG video,render "${TARGET_USER}" || true
  echo "User ${TARGET_USER} added to video/render groups."
  REBOOT_REQUIRED=1
fi

if [[ "${DO_BASHRC_CUDA_PATHS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  TARGET_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
  TARGET_HOME="$(getent passwd "${TARGET_USER}" | cut -d: -f6)"
  TARGET_BASHRC="${TARGET_HOME}/.bashrc"
  MARKER="NVIDIA CUDA Paths"

  [[ -f "${TARGET_BASHRC}" ]] || sudo -u "${TARGET_USER}" touch "${TARGET_BASHRC}" || true

  if ! grep -q "${MARKER}" "${TARGET_BASHRC}" 2>/dev/null; then
    cat >> "${TARGET_BASHRC}" <<'EOF'

# NVIDIA CUDA Paths
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}"
EOF
    echo "Added CUDA PATH to ${TARGET_BASHRC}"
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERIFICATION
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_VERIFY_NVIDIA_SMI}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo "Verifying nvidia-smi..."
  nvidia-smi || true
fi

if [[ "${DO_VERIFY_NVCC}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  if command -v nvcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Verifying nvcc..."
    nvcc -V || true
  else
    echo "nvcc not found in PATH yet (re-login/reboot may be needed)"
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NVIDIA CONTAINER TOOLKIT
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DO_INSTALL_NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Docker detected: installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit..."
    sudo -E apt-get update
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" curl gnupg2

    sudo install -d -m 0755 /usr/share/keyrings
    curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey \
          | sudo gpg --dearmor --yes -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg

    curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list \
      | sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' \
      | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list >/dev/null

    sudo -E apt-get update
    sudo -E apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" nvidia-container-toolkit

    if [[ "${DO_CONFIGURE_DOCKER_RUNTIME}" -eq 1 ]]; then
      command -v nvidia-ctk >/dev/null 2>&1 && sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker || true
    fi

    if [[ "${DO_RESTART_DOCKER}" -eq 1 ]]; then
      sudo systemctl restart docker || true
    fi
  else
    echo "Docker not found. Skipping container toolkit."
  fi
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo ""
echo "========================================"
echo "Installation finished"
echo "========================================"

if [[ "${REBOOT_REQUIRED}" -eq 1 ]]; then
  echo ">> REBOOT REQUIRED: sudo reboot"
fi

echo "After reboot, verify with:"
echo "  nvidia-smi"
echo "  nvcc -V"

Atención

Después de ejecutar el script, es obligatorio reiniciar el servidor mediante el comando sudo reboot. Esto es necesario para activar los nuevos módulos del kernel.

Después de reiniciar, verifique la instalación de los controladores y CUDA utilizando los comandos nvidia-smi y nvcc -V. Debería ver una salida similar a la siguiente:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 595.71.05              Driver Version: 595.71.05      CUDA Version: 13.2     |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090        On  |   00000000:07:00.0 Off |                  Off |
| 31%   27C    P8              7W /  450W |      33MiB /  24564MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI              PID   Type   Process name                        GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

y

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2026 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Thu_Mar_19_11:12:51_PM_PDT_2026
Cuda compilation tools, release 13.2, V13.2.78
Build cuda_13.2.r13.2/compiler.37668154_0
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